Simplest Formula Definition in Chemistry

The simplest formula of a chemical compound is a formula that shows the ratio of elements present in the compound in terms of the simplest positive ratio of atoms. The ratios are denoted by subscripts next to the element symbols. Simplest formula is also known as empirical formula. Simplest Formula Examples Some times the simplest formula is the same as the molecular formula. A good example is water, which has both the simplest and molecular formula H2O. For larger molecules, the simplest and molecular formula are different, but the molecular formula is always a multiple of the simplest formula. Glucose has a molecular formula of C6H12O6. It contains 2 moles of hydrogen for every mole of carbon and oxygen. The simplest or empirical formula for glucose is CH2O.

Migration Of The U.s. - 1160 Words

Research Paper: Migration to the U.S. Millions of people have migrated from all over the world which results in problems and changes in families. This paper explores the immigrant experience in America, showing how immigrants dealt with hardships, adaptation, losing one s culture and adaptation to the loss of one s parent. When people migrate, they start adapting into a new personality and lose their culture. For instance, when leaving an area depending on the amount of time, you spend there you have modified something whether it an accent, or word usage, etc. Then when moved there might be a loss of something about that place. However when moving and adapting, they also go through many difficulties. According to Claudia Glenn Dowling (2011), the immigrant was on a ship that took them away from their homeland leaving their cultures and part of themselves. A man named Augustus. F. Sherman (A.F.S) took pictures of the immigrants. The pictures have resembled immigrant future when coming to the U.S. â€Å"homesickness, loss, hardship and, eventually, assimilation† (Dowling 50). The immigrant was not welcome when they arrived in America they went through a series of difficulties â€Å" there were quotas on many nationalities such as Italians, Greeks, Slavs and Russians, and Chinese were banned outri ght†(Dowling 52). After being taken to Ellis Island, these new immigrants was examined, questioned, about money, relatives, â€Å"origin and trades† near the statue of liberty until the U.S.Show MoreRelatedCuban Migration into the U.S. Essay1633 Words   |  7 PagesCuban Migration into the U.S. There have been several regions of United States that have gone through cultural changes throughout time. The indigenous people on the East coast went through a cultural change when the pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock. 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The first major migration of Mexican immigrants to the U.S was during the gold rush in 1849. This was right after theRead MoreIllegal Migration796 Words   |  4 Pagesillegal migration many theorist tend to only skim the surface by and assume the most important determining factor in leaving or staying is solely based on the economic aspects. This machine not only produces a numerous amount of illegal migration, it fosters it into a sophisticated labor control system that is manipulated by social, market (labor and economic market) and political factors. 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His service with the U.S. army does not terminates his relationship with Mexico , in fact he continues to identity as Mexican and for Cisneros being the daughter of a Mexican was important for the development of her personal identity. She is the product of migration and a second generation immigrant in Chicago. As the daughter of a Mexican she grew up speaking Spanish and traveling to MexicoRead MoreChinese Migration Essay1367 Words   |  6 Pagespatterns of Chinese migration. Prior to World War II, Chinese migration was strictly regulated and deeply connoted negative feelings against Chinese immigrants, yet it did not influx the United States until the early 1880’s with the passing of the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882. Chinese migration is particularly important, because unlike European immigrants that travelled with families, Chinese immigrants travelled alone which created bachelor societies, or Chinatowns. After the U.S. initiated the quotaRead MoreEssay about Puerto Rican Migration to Nyc1142 Words   |  5 PagesChristine Costanzo Puerto Ric an Migration to New York City The story of the Puerto Rican people is unique in the history of U.S. immigration, just as Puerto Rico occupies a distinctive—and sometimes confusing—position in the nation’s civic fabric. Puerto Rico has been a possession of the U.S. for more than a century, but it has never been a state. Its people have been U.S. citizens since 1917, but they have no vote in Congress. As citizens, the people of Puerto Rico can move throughout theRead MoreEssay On State And Civil Immigration1607 Words   |  7 Pagesimmigration directions are dangerous for recorded and undocumented workers and U.S. natives, and raise acquisition challenges since they can struggle with existing national migration laws. 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George Free Essays

Both cases had resulted in the growing number of third parties which have a legal right to sue auditor for negligence. In other word, auditor’s liability to third parties has Increased. The defendants had all relied on the accounts In taking and calculating the price of shares in the knitwear company. We will write a custom essay sample on George or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the case of Thomas Ltd. , Ð ²?56,100; in the case of Goode, E,500; and, in the case of Gordon, El ,500. Thomas Limited purchased 16,000 ordinary shares in Kinkier in November 1973 which shares were formerly held by a Mr. Saurian, a director of Kinkier. That purchase was at E;10 per share. In addition Thomas purchased a fresh Issue of Kinkier shares, namely 15,000 at El ;50 per share. It Is pleaded for all three pursuers that in making these purchases they relied upon balance sheets and accounts prepared and audited by the defenders. Thomas, they also plead that they relied upon advice given by Mr. Mainframe at meetings held prior to the conclusion of the agreement to purchase the 31,000 shares. It is said that the audited accounts prepared by the defenders for years prior to 1975 had been highly misleading and inaccurate. Mr. Mainframe, acted negligently and Incompetently In the preparation and auditing of Skinner’s accounts. Instead of trading profitably the said Kinkier Knitwear Limited had in fact been trading at a loss both before and after the purchase of the said shares, figures which were of particular significance to Thomas were those of the trading profits and losses. This failure was, in my view, because of slack and careless auditing methods. The pursuers averred-?†The defenders completely failed to make any check on the said Kinkier Knitwear Limiter’s system of tock control or the basis of valuation of the stock. As a result the stock figures provided In said accounts were seriously Inaccurate. â€Å"For some years the defenders had failed to carry out normal checks of credit and debit balances. The defenders had completely failed to make provision in said accounts for a doubtful debt reserve which they ought to have done. They failed to carry out the normal checks to establish that debts stated by the Company to be due were in fact due as any competent auditors would have done b efore certifying the said accounts. Competent auditors making the appropriate checks In carrying out an audit of the said Kinkier Knitwear Limited and preparing said accounts would have discovered these inaccuracies and noted them in said accounts. The figure could well have been much higher because a number of old debts found to be still on the books when the check was made in 1976 or 1977 did not carry the date when they were incurred. The figure of E,662 Is, therefore, a minimum. I have the Impression from the fact that Mr. Mainframe made no attempt to circularities any debtors for the 1973 audit or even to go ay be due more to good luck than to good Judgment on his part. I am therefore satisfied that the accounts to 31st March 1973 were negligently prepared by the defenders and negligently audited by Mr. Mainframe. When weighed against what was said by the pursuers’ witnesses, and accepted by me, to be the methods of an auditor exercising reasonable care and skill his methods were sadly wanting. =Len the end of the day these Justifications came down to this that the shareholders, to whom his firm owed certain duties as auditors, were all directors and in particular to the inconsideration that he was a close personal friend of Mr. Lennox whom he had known since childhood and not only trusted him but also trusted other staff of the company. I consider that it follows and that it should now be regarded as settled that if someone possessed of a special skill undertakes, quite irrespective of contract, to apply that skill for the assistance of another person who relies on such skill, a duty of care will arise. ==He knew that auditors’ certificates, when they were â€Å"clean† certificates, were commonly relied on by shareholders, potential investors, and potential lenders. In the whole circumstances I consider that Mr. Mainframe should have foreseen before he certified the 1973 accounts that these accounts might be relied on by a potential investor for the purpose of deciding whether or not to invest. To these, the latest audited accounts of the company would be of very great importance in influencing them whether or not to invest and at what price. L, therefore, consider that in respect of Thomas and Mr. Gordon, both being in the class of persons who were potential investors, Mr. Mainframe owed a prima facie duty of care in the auditing of the 1973 accounts. How to cite George, Papers

Principles Taxation Laws System Of Australia-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Principles Taxation Laws System Of Australia? Answer: Introduction In the study, it has been decided to show the taxation system of Australia, taking the help of the five different case studies. With this given case reference, it is said to obtain complete sense of implication of taxation as well as it has been decided that the principles of governing body and certain legislation to be reviewed for the purpose of reconciling the rules and laws with that of the case studies. In addition, principles laid in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 of Australia will also be considered for the fine judgment of the case references. Over the last 12 months Eric has purchased certain assets and shares which he sold them along with shares last week same year. If the assets are held for more than one year it is called long-term assets. On the other hand, if the assets are held for less than one year it is to be said as short-term assets (Piketty and Zucman, 2014). In this case Eric had held the assets and shares for less than one year and sold them in the same year. So the assets which was held by Eric is short term assets. Computation for short- term capital gain or loss for the year ended. Total assets purchased An antique vase $ 2,000 An antique chair $ 3,000 A painting $ 9,000 A home sound system $ 12,000 A share of listed company $ 5,000 Assets purchased in total = $ 31,000 Total assets sold. An antique vase $ 3,000 An antique chair $ 1,000 A painting $ 1,000 A home sound system $ 11,000 A share of listed company $ 20,000 Assets sold in total = $ 36,000 Table 1: Computation of short-term gain or loss (Source: Created by author) Short term capital gain for the year ended = Assets sold in total - Assets purchased in total. = $ 36,000 - $ 31,000 = $ 5,000 So, it can be seen that the assets which were held by Eric was short term assets because the year in which he purchased the assets, he sold the assets in the same year. In the study, it is said that Brian is a bank executive and he will be provided by three-year loan of $1m as a part of his remuneration provided, and the interest rate will be 1% pa (payable in monthly installments). In addition is also said that the loan has been provided on 1 April 2016 (Williams, 2016). Brian will use 40% of his loan for income producing purpose and for meeting all his obligation to interest payment. It is also said that the fringe benefit in the loan for the year 2016-2017 was received by Brian. The computation of the taxable income of Brian for the year 30 June 2017 is done below: Amount of loan = $ 1m Actual rate of interest on loan in Australia is 15% Date on which loan was provided = 1April 2016 Rate of interest = 1% Mode of payment = monthly installments. Loan amount = 40% of $ 1 million = $ 4, 00,000. Calculation of installments for 15 months = ($ 1, 00,000*1% / 12 months)* 15 months. = ($ 10,000 / 12 months) * 15 months = $ 12,500. Calculating taxable income for the year ended 2016-17 Revenue Expenditures = $ 0.4 million Interest on installments = $ 0.01 million Actual installments = $ 0.25 million Total = $ 0.34 million In this study, it has been found that the amount of tax that Brian has to pay upon his taxable income is $0.34 million and the monthly installment (interest + principle) on the loan is $ 0.26 million. It can be seen that Brian has to pay for installment and because of this his taxable income has reduced by $0.26 million. On the other hand, his taxable income will be different if he has to repay the installment at the end of the year (Allen et al. 2014). The calculation is done below: Revenue LESS: Expenditure = $0.4 million Total = $0.6 million Therefore, it can be seen that the repayment of the installment on monthly basis is favorable for Brian because if he repays the installment on monthly basis he has to pay tax on $0.34 million. On the other hand, he has to pay tax on $0.6 million which is very high (Forrest, 2014). However, Brian can pay only the principal amount if the bank release from repaying interest on loan. In this case Brian cannot claim the fringe benefit on the loan, because his expenditure has dropped slightly and he must pay tax on the taxable income, which is calculated below. Computation of taxable income for the year ended 2016-17 Revenue = $ 1 million LESS; Expenditure = $0.4 million Interest on installment = $0.25 million Total = $0.35 million Therefore, it is clear that Brian has to pay tax on three different tax. If he was released from paying the interest on loan, then he has to pay tax on $0.35 million. On the other hand if he has to pay both principal and interest he has to pay tax on $0.34 million. And if he pay the installment at the end of the year he has to pay tax on $0.6 million. Jack is an architect and his wife Jill a housewife wanted to purchase a property as joint tenants so they together borrowed money. Both husband and wife entered into a written agreement that if profit occurs 10% of the profit will be entitled to jack and the remaining 90% to his wife Jill (Corones, 2014). It is also written that if any loss occurs jack has to entitle 100% of the loss. However jack has to bear the whole loss (100%) as per the agreement because last year the property generated loss of $ 10,000. According to Section 35(2) of Relationship Act 2008, on the ground of Relationship of co-tenancy a person cannot be a domestic partner of another person (Becker, 2015). According to Section 5(1) of Partnership Act 1958, relationship between two or more parties is defined as partnership whose aim is to earn profit and carrying on the same business. Australian Partnership Act likewise depicts the idea of association in the event of joint occupancy and gives certain arrangements in regards to the idea of tenure or property identified with the joint tenure, where it is said that Joint inhabitants residency in like way joint property ordinary property or part proprietorship does not of itself influence an association as to anything so to held or had whether the occupants or proprietors do or don't share any advantages made by the usage thereof (Bennett, 2016). In addition, the receipt by a man of an offer of the advantages of a business is at first sight affirm that that individual is an associate in the business, however the receipt of such an offer or of a portion subordinate upon or contrasting with the advantages of a business does not of itself make that individual an accessory in the business. However, for this situation it has been discovered that Jack and Jill have household relationship and came into an agreement of joint tenure where both are qualified for benefit of 1:9 proportion, however if there should arise an occurrence of misfortune just a single accomplice is qualified for bear everything of misfortune (Palmer et al. 2015). Regarding the arrangements made in Relationship Act and Partnership Act, one might say that Jack and Jill are no uncertainty in residential relationship yet if there should arise an occurrence of relationship of Joint occupancy, Partnership Act gets pulled in, where they are thought to be in association connection since the idea of business is same, likewise both are qualified for benefit, however in the event of misfortune, just Jack needs to shoulder the entire misfortune. Truth be told, in association act, arrangement for organization is given that every one of the accomplices are qualified for benefit and not misfortune. In the event tha t any accomplice alone bears the entire misfortune yet in addition gets offer of benefit will be likewise be called accomplice. In this manner, the loss of $ 10,000 will totally be borne by Jack and he is qualified for get tax reduction on misfortune for the year finished. On the other side, if both the accomplices choose to offer the property, they initially need to recuperate misfortune emerged from that property then they can offer the property. Nonetheless, for this situation, there is no degree for recuperation of misfortune, along these lines they need to offer the property for capital misfortune (Latimer, 2016). Further, this capital misfortune will be balanced with the long haul or here and now capital pick up. The things that held in the case of IRC vs. Duke of Westminster 1936 Duke planned a legal documents with people and making effective use of it in which he made a legal contract to pay them weekly sum total for a time of seven years or the joint existence of the meeting. The legal documents (Deeds) tells that the installments were made in acceptance of the past organization reliably provided to the Duke and that the Duke wanted to make an agreement for the single despite that he may process in the Dukes organization or may stop to work for Duke (Evans, 2015). Letters of explanation were sent to the workers for clarifying him that he could maintain the full payment for future work however and that was normal by and by that he would satisfy with the harmony made by the legal document in addition to such sum total and may be supreme to convey the sum total of installments up to the payment he had of late been getting or the level of pay. The payee at the time the legal contract was put into effect was receiving compensation or settled wages and after carr ying out the legal contract begin in the Duke business and keep on getting such sum total as, pay payable before the legal document, invented the measure of the wages or with the whole required to pay by the legal documents. Issues held in this case Just in case, the sum paid under the legal documents consider in the atmosphere which the people were in the Dukes use were something for the process, they were not allowable in figuring the Dukes risk for tax. Again the all total of the yearly installment, they are deductible (allowable). At some point, in case the issue was installed under the legal contract payment for administrations or not. It was unable to challenge that if the legal documents were transported into reality in order to make Duke to reduce his surtax duty (Bloom, 2015). The disposition The payment was not benefit for regulation. Three of the five Lords comes to an end that the letter was not a contract, only an action of hope or prediction and the four of the five Lords comes to an end that even if it was a contract, it was nothing more than contract that the persons salary for the future service will not be the full salary but only the additional sum referred to the letter. The fifth Lord comes to an end that legal document and the letter should be viewed together as a simply maintaining the existing contract of service rather than radically altering it (AbdulRazaq and Adam, 2015). All of the Lords rejected the statement that in income cases there is a belief that the court may ignore the legal position and regard the material of the matter. The material is that which results from the legal rights and responsibility of the parties discover upon the ordinary legal principle. Principles established in the case of Duke of Westminster There is a particular crime identifying with the false avoidance of wages impose in the Taxes Act, which was presented at first in 2000. Be that as it may, this law that has passed is not very time consuming , as the income regularly want to depend on the traditional base law when the indict. Sometimes, you may find that the citizen is charged with a crime under the Thief Act for false recording yet the greater part of tax delay case is carry under the regular law criminal crime of deceive society general income (Behagg, 2016). There is no big penalty for such a crime for such an illegal act if found responsible by law so as suspect could be convicted to life imprisonment and in additional have to refund the income. The past Chancellor, Dennis Healey largely draw the division between levy cheat and and tax delay has been the depth of the jailor sector. In this case, Bill owns a land and he want to graze his sheep on that land. But the difficult path is the land has tall pine trees which he need to clear. Later he found that a logging company is ready to pay him $ 1000 per 100 meter of timber which the logging company will cut from his land. According to the Sales of Good Act 1954 in Australia, the contract of sale can be made partly in writing and partly by oral agreement or without seal (Hayward, 2016). If both the parties agree with each other than the price in the contract of sale will be fixed. In the other words, both the parties must follow some rules regarding purchase and selling to get into the contract. But the problem is that the after fulfilling the seller's need the buyer may not get the payment. Now in this study, the seller who will be getting paid by the logging company for the clearance of the tree from his land will be considered as Bill. He will get good amount if the Bill agrees upon the payment offered to him b y the company (Gordon, 2014). Thus, it is assumed that the timber cover 4500 meter and the measurement of the Bills land will be in meter then he will get, For 100 meter Bill will be paid $ 1,000 For 1 meter Bill will be paid $(1,000/100) = $10 So for 4500 meters of land Bill will give = $(4500*10) = $ 45,000 Thus, we can see by the calculation that the company will be giving $ 45,000 to Bill for the clearance of 4500 meter of timber. Thus, without investing any fund, Bill is getting a huge amount from the logging company and can be a better deal. The case has been found in the phrase is that Bill will give an amount of $ 50,000 by the logging company for clearing the timber as per the requirement of Bill. For the clearance the company is paying him a large amount, what if where both parties have no idea about how much area the timber cover does or how much timber the company need and the owner of the land agrees on it. In this case it can happen that Bill is getting more amount for less timber or the company is giving less amount for the timber that is covering the land. It can be said that for one of the either parties the deal may or may not be profitable (Greiner, 2014). Therefore, according to survey, from the above case it can be said that if the company offered Bill a lump sum $ 50,000 will be the best deal for clearance of timber. But on other hand if Bill gets ready to get paid $ 1000 meter of every 100 meter then it would be loss because he will be getting $ 45000 for 4500 meter land that the timber covers as per the calculations. Conclusion Attempts have been made to describe different case references with respect to the taxation law. Based on the details it can be see that in the first case Eric has obtain capital gain of $ 5000 and in the second case it is calculated that Brian has to pay tax on $ 0.6 million if the installment was paid at the end of the loan tenure Reference list AbdulRazaq, M.T. and Adam, K.I. (2015). Anti-Avoidance Legislations: Issues Doubts in the Application of Tax Rules in Nigeria.AGORA Int'l J. Jurid. Sci., p.1. Allen, F., Hryckiewicz, A., Kowalewski, O. and Tmer-Alkan, G. (2014). Transmission of financial shocks in loan and deposit markets: Role of interbank borrowing and market monitoring.Journal of Financial Stability,15, pp.112-126. Becker, J. (2015). The Relation of Article 9 Paragraph 1 German Double Taxation Treaties to Domestic Tax Law and the Consequences for Current Value Depreciation under Section 1 Paragraph 1: Foreign Tax Act.Intertax,43(10), pp.589-594. Behagg, C. (2016). Tax Inversions: Time to Take a Look in the Mirror Reflections on the Inversion Phenomenon.Intertax,44(2), pp.130-145. Bennett, R.J. (2016). Interpreting business partnerships in late Victorian Britain.The Economic History Review,69(4), pp.1199-1227. Bloom, D. (2015). Tax avoidance-a view from the dark side.Melb. UL Rev.,39, p.950. Corones, S.G. (2014).Competition law in Australia. Thomson Reuters Australia, Limited. Evans, S. (2015). It's' Clean Hands' Again: The Dirtiness of Not Paying Tax Considered in the Supreme Court. Forrest, C. (2014). Immunity from seizure and suit in Australia: the protection of cultural objects on Loan Act 2013.International Journal of Cultural Property,21(2), pp.143-172. Gordon, B. (2014). Acceptance by conduct in ecommerce transactions in Australia.Commercial Law Quarterly: The Journal of the Commercial Law Association of Australia,28(2), p.3. Greiner, R. (2014). Environmental duty of care: from ethical principle towards a code of practice for the grazing industry in Queensland (Australia).Journal of agricultural and environmental ethics,27(4), pp.527-547. Hayward, B. (2016). What's in a Name: Software, Digital Products, and the Sale of Goods.Sydney L. Rev.,38, p.441. Latimer, P. (2016). Repudiation of Partnership Contracts. Palmer, J., Instone, L., Mee, K.J., Williams, M. and Vaughan, N. (2015). Green tenants: practicing a sustainability ethics for the rental housing sector.Local Environment,20(8), pp.923-939. Piketty, T. and Zucman, G. (2014). Capital is back: Wealth-income ratios in rich countries 17002010.The Quarterly Journal of Economics,129(3), pp.1255-1310. Williams, B. (2016). The impact of non-interest income on bank risk in Australia.Journal of Banking Finance,7